Italian anthologies about Russian Children's literature : an overview (1926-1944)

The “Archive” section publishes four fragments selected from studies of Italian authors who wrote about children’s literature—the writers and teachers Giuseppe Fanciulli (1881–1951) and Olindo Giacobbe (1880–1950), the children writer, translator and publisher Mary Tibaldi-Chiesa (1896–1968) and teacher Olga Visentini (1893–1961). These works, written between 1926 and 1943, are taken from textbooks and are interesting in that they present the view of Italian experts on Russian children’s literature. The authors build the history of Russian literature for children, give an overview of contemporary émigré children’s literature, and try to determine the national identity of children’s literature in Russia. Giuseppe Fanciulli turns to Russian folklore, to the fairy tale genre and brings the line of his research to the beginning of the 20th century. The work of Mary Tibaldi-Chiesa gives a detailed review of translations of Russian literature into Italian, made with a focus on children’s and youthful readers, and also presents a detailed biography of Alexander Pushkin. Olga Visentini’s essay is based on the previous experience of Olindo Giacobbe, supplementing and continuing his work up to the first attempts at Soviet children’s literature

Molecular dissection of Phaseolus vulgaris polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein 2 reveals the presence of hold/release domains affecting protein trafficking toward the cell wall

The plant endomembrane system is massively involved in the synthesis, transport and secretion of cell wall polysaccharides and proteins; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying trafficking toward the apoplast are largely unknown. Besides constitutive, the existence of a regulated secretory pathway has been proposed. A polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP2), known to move as soluble cargo and reach the cell wall through a mechanism distinguishable from default, was dissected in its main functional domains (A, B, C, D), and C sub-fragments (C1–10), to identify signals essential for its regulated targeting. The secretion patterns of the fluorescent chimeras obtained by fusing different PGIP2 domains to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) were analyzed. PGIP2 N-terminal and leucine-rich repeat domains (B and C, respectively) seem to operate as holding/releasing signals, respectively, during PGIP2 transit through the Golgi. The B domain slows down PGIP2 secretion by transiently interacting with Golgi membranes. Its depletion leads, in fact, to the secretion via default (Sp2-susceptible) of the ACD-GFP chimera faster than PGIP2. Depending on its length (at least the first 5 leucine-rich repeats are required), the C domain modulates B interaction with Golgi membranes allowing the release of chimeras and their extracellular secretion through a Sp2 independent pathway. The addition of the vacuolar sorting determinant Chi to PGIP2 diverts the path of the protein from cell wall to vacuole, suggesting that C domain is a releasing rather than a cell wall sorting signal

Multiple vertebral metastases from brain glioblastoma: An insidious complication

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and the most frequent of primary astrocytomas, typically involving the Central Nervous System (CNS) alone. Extra-CNS localizations (ECM) are exceptional, and vertebral dissemination is extremely uncommon. We present the case of a patient with vertebral dissemination from an intracranial GBM without intra-dural space invasion. The patient underwent a gross total tumor removal followed by radiation therapy (RT) with concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy (STUPP protocol). Following the appearance of back pain, patient underwent whole body computed tomography (CT) and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Spinal-MRI highlighted multiple vertebral lesions not infiltrating dura mater being confined to vertebral bodies. CT scan demonstrated the absence of other repetitive lesions in both thorax and abdomen. Histological examination from a percutaneous CT-guided vertebral biopsy confirmed the suspicious of secondary localization from intracranial GBM. To the best of our knowledge this is the second reported case of vertebral metastases from GBM in absence of other ECM. This case raises the need for clinical suspicious of vertebral dissemination in case of GBM patient presenting with radicular, myelopathic symptoms or less specifically, back pain

Expert consultation workshops: Developing a common vision of climate-related security risks

The Climate Security Observatory (CSO) is an online platform for stakeholder decision-making that provides access to a range of global analyses related to climate and security. The CSO is based on an integrated climate security framework that helps understand the complexity of the climate-security interface. As part of the CSO methods paper series, this report details the method used for developing a common vision of climate-related security risks based on expert consultation workshop

Towards a common vision of climate security in Kenya: Workshop report

Climate change can potentially exacerbate the social, economic and political processes that lead to instability and conflict. Yet, there is insufficient localized and policy-relevant evidence on how exactly climate-related security risks may emerge across different geographic contexts. The ClimBeR initiative held a 3-day workshop to understand the climate action needs of Kenya and to explore the main challenges towards integrating the climate security nexus in Kenya's climate change policy frameworks and action strategies. This workshop brought together over 45 stakeholders from Kenya’s humanitarian, development, climate and peace sectors, including government representatives, NGOs, international organizations, and research institutes

Putting gender at the heart of climate security

Climate-related threats to human security affect millions of people worldwide, but not equally. The most marginalized, including women, youth and ethnic minorities are often disproportionately impacted because of deeply rooted gender and social norms, relations and inequalities that inhibit their capacity to adapt and respond to these shocks. For the discussion, we focused on the following key questions: • How do climate-related security risks impact men and women differently, and how can we assess and analyse these impacts better? • What kind of approaches are best suited to address the gender and climate security nexus? • Why is it important to engage women and young people when designing and implementing programs? • Where do gaps lie with how policymakers and researchers have engaged with gender and climate security previously, and what needs to be done in the future to inform future research and policy

Climate finance and peace—tackling the climate and humanitarian crisis

2021's Conference of Parties, the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP26), is crucially important as governments—for the first time since the Paris Agreement—are expected to agree on concrete commitments and greater ambitions to limit global warming to 1·5°C. COP26 President-Designate Alok Sharma stated that delivery of US$100 billion in climate finance is going to be the key to whether the goals of COP26 succeed or fail. At the same time, people worldwide have started acknowledging the impacts of the climate crisis on peace and security—otherwise called the climate security nexus.1, 2 The concern then becomes where and how objectives and investments in adaptation and peacebuilding can be aligned, and how trade-offs between climate finance, peace, and security can be minimised or avoided

The Gender-Climate-Security Nexus: Conceptual Framework, CGIAR Portfolio Review, and Recommendations towards an Agenda for One CGIAR

This position paper provides a conceptual framework for the gender-climate-security-nexus, a CGIAR portfolio review of work related to the nexus, and recommendations towards an agenda for One CGIAR in addressing the nexus. We anticipate the paper will help inform the One CGIAR and its stakeholders towards an understanding of the connections between gender, climate, and security through case study examples of the gender dimensions of climate-related security risks, a review of the CGIAR work to date on the gender-climate-security nexus and how this work can be used to promote gender transformative goals in climate security research, policy, and programming, as well as recommendations for One CGIAR on what actions should be taken to inform future research and policy in addressing gendered climate impacts and associated threats to human security